The Deregulation Of The Airline Industry - 1037 Words

In 1936 congress put all commercial airlines under the Railway Labor Act. Since then, there was a period of 42 years under economic regulation where the government oversaw labor relations. Since deregulation, the goals of collective bargaining have not changed much, nor have the objectives of management and labor unions. (Wensveen, 2011, p. 422) The deregulation of the airline industry may have been a win for passengers, but most likely not a win for labor groups. Prior to deregulation the airline industry was highly unionized, enjoying excellent wages, benefits and pensions. Since deregulation there has been a drop in wages and most carriers have eliminated pensions. Also before deregulation, unions would bargain with management at each air carrier and once a contract was reached, the next carrier would begin bargaining from the other contract, to enhance theirs. This continued bargaining from carrier to carrier helped to build better work rules and compensation. Labor relations bef ore deregulation were generally good, with the CAB setting fares it guaranteed profits around 12 percent, the increased labor costs were passed onto the passengers. This allowed the unions and management to maintain amicable relations while providing a productive work environment. After deregulation, the work of the labor unions began to crash down. New low cost carriers like Southwest, started taking large market shares. The labor unions had less bargaining power. To maintain profitability,Show MoreRelatedDeregulation of the Airline Industry1754 Words   |  8 PagesDeregulation of the Airline Industry The airline industry has been subject of intense price competition since it was deregulated, and the result has been a number of new carriers which specialize in regional service and no-frills operations. These carriers typically purchase older aircraft and often operate outside the industry-wide computerized reservations system. In exchange for these inconveniences, passengers receive low fares relative to the industry as a whole. This research examinesRead MoreIncreasing Deregulation And Liberation Of The Airline Industry Essay2102 Words   |  9 Pages1.0 Introduction Increasing deregulation and liberation of the airline industry have in the past decade triggered fierce competition among airlines in key markets such as Europe and Asia. Traditional airlines mainly in Europe no longer dominant the global market like they once did. Relatively newer airlines such as Emirates Airlines from UAE now constitute key competitors. In light of the intense competitiveness that characterises the current airline industry, managers have been compelled to redesignRead MoreDeregulation of the U.S. Airline Industry Essay example1869 Words   |  8 Pages Deregulation of the U.S. airline industry has resulted in ticket prices dropping by a third, on an inflation-adjusted basis. As a result some 1.6 million people fly on 4,000 aircraft every day. Airlines carried 643 million passengers in 1998, a 25% increase over 1993 and the FAA estimates that the nation ¡Ã‚ ¦s airline system will have to accommodate 917 million passengers by the year 2008. The growth in air travel threatens to overwhelm the presently inadequate air traffic control system, which hasRead MoreAirline Deregulation1587 Words   |  7 Pages Airline Deregulation act of 1978 Aston A Samms Embry Riddle Aeronautical University Abstract The United States Airline Deregulation Act of 1978 was a dramatic turning point in America. It was the first systematic dismantling of a comprehensive system of government control since the Supreme Court declared the National Recovery Act unconstitutional in 1935. It was also part of a broader movement that, with varying degrees of thoroughness, transformed such industries as trucking, railroads, busesRead MoreAirline Deregulation Act Of 1978 Signed1291 Words   |  6 PagesINTRODUCTION Airline deregulation was the process of removing the government imposed regulations on the entry of new airlines as well the airline fare limiting the competition and growth of the airline industry. In the United States, airline deregulation mainly refers to the Airline Deregulation Act of 1978 signed by President Carter. President Carter signed the Act, but the act was proposed initially during Nixon’s administration, and carried through Ford administration. The airlines industry was growingRead MoreAirline Deregulation Act Of 1978 Signed1398 Words   |  6 Pages Airline deregulation is the process of removing the government-imposed regulations on the entry of new airlines as well the airline fare limiting the competition and growth of the airline industry. In the United States, airline deregulation mainly refers to the Airline Deregulation Act of 1978 signed by President Carter. President Carter signed the Act, but the act was proposed initially during Nixon’s presidency, and was carried out by the Ford Administration. The airline industry was growingRead MoreUnion Movement Timeline645 Words   |  3 Pages 1. Union movement timeline The airline industry is one of the largest and most innovative industries within the United States. Aside from the innovations for which it is reputable and which changed the world the US airline industry is also notable in terms of the developments registered at the level of collective bargaining. The lines below reveal a brief time line of the events after 1978: 1978 The union jobs in manufacturing decrease by 400,000, but the federal employees gain the right toRead MoreSouthwest Airlines And The Airline Industry946 Words   |  4 PagesExecutive Summary Southwest Airlines is a competitor in the airline industry who models themselves as a low fare company who cares about people. These two aspects are that backbone to their business. It is what sets them apart from their major competitors, such as Delta/Northwest, Continental/United, JetBlue, and Allegiant. Government regulation has allowed for more travel due to deregulation. This means there are more consumers than ever entering the industry. As more consumers enter the marketRead MoreThe Civil Law Limits Property Rights1718 Words   |  7 Pages public sector and the absence of a strong centralized economic planning. However, this common belief is a myth long. Through the civil law and regulation, state and local governments and the federal government substantially affect almost all industries. The civil law limits property rights, contractual obligations defines and establishes quality standards for goods and services through laws. Regulatory policy takes two general forms. Economic regulation controls the benefits, sets prices and determinesRead MoreAirline Deregulation1054 Words   |  5 Pages1978, President Carter signed into law the Airline Deregulation Act. The purpose of the law was to effectively get the federal government out of the airline business. By allowing the airlines to compete for their customers travel dollars, was the thinking, that fares would drop and an increased number of routes would spring up. Expected Results The results of airline deregulation speak for themselves. Since the government got out of the airline business, not only has there been a drop in

Air Pollution During The City Of Toronto And Its Health...

Royal Military College of Canada ECE 444 Discussion paper 2: Toronto Air pollution policy By NCdt Chen, Michael SN: 26095 Paper submitted to Professor Stephen Snudden 19/11/2014 This discussion paper will identify the relationship between air pollution in the city of Toronto and its health impact on the local population. Then this paper will identify the cause of the air pollution in Toronto and the current policies established to counter this problem. Finally the paper will propose a policy that can work in conjunction with some of the current initiatives and will provide explanation of this policy and its advantages over other alternatives. Starting in the year 2004, the air pollution has reached an alarming level in the city o Toronto. Dr Barbara Yaffe, the acting medical officer of health of Toronto Public health, has released a report in July 2004 saying that the â€Å"air pollution [in the city] has contributed to over 1700 premature deaths and 6000 hospitalization admission in Toronto each year† (Yaffe, 2004, p.i). According to this report, pollutants such as ozone, nitrogen dioxide, sulphur dioxide, and carbon monoxide have increased within the air of the city; these pollutants are tiny particles that are 2.5 micron in diameter or less and can affect people’s respiratory system and cause cardiovascular and respiratory problems such as â€Å"asthma, bronchitis in children, adult chronic bronchitis, and heart problem† (TPH, 2007, figure 1). Although itShow MoreRelatedWhy Recycling Is A Huge Impact On Environment1756 Words   |  8 Pages Why Is Recycling Important? 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The Necklace Free Essays

The Necklace About the Author Henri Rene Albert Guy de Maupassant was born on August 5, 1850, to an affluent family at the Chateau de Miromesnil, in France. As a child, Guy adored his mother and loathed his absent father. His mother was very literary and passed on her love of books to her son, Guy, and his brother, Herve. We will write a custom essay sample on The Necklace or any similar topic only for you Order Now Much of Guy’s childhood was spent in the countryside playing sports or simply spending time outdoors. Point of View Third-Person Omniscient The story’s focus is certainly on Mathilde, but the narrator does not speak from her point of view. Instead, he talks about Mathilde as if he were from the outside looking in. When he brings her up at the beginning, she’s just â€Å"one of those girls† (1). It sounds like he’s seen a lot more of them than just this one. That’s omniscient, all right. Mathilde’s also not the only character whose thoughts he can see into; he’s able to speak into her husband’s thoughts just as easily, when he wants to. Overview Mathilde Loisel is â€Å"pretty and charming† but feels she has been born into a family of unfavorable economic status. She was married off to a lowly clerk in the Ministry of Education, who can afford to provide her only with a modest though not uncomfortable lifestyle. Mathilde feels the burden of her poverty intensely. She regrets her lot in life and spends endless hours imagining a more extravagant existence. While her husband expresses his pleasure at the small, modest supper she has prepared for him, she dreams of an elaborate feast served on fancy china and eaten in the company of wealthy friends. She possesses no fancy jewels or clothing, yet these are the only things she lives for. Without them, she feels she is not desirable. She has one wealthy friend, Madame Forestier, but refuses to visit her because of the heartbreak it brings her. Theme The Necklace Theme of Wealth â€Å"The Necklace† gets its title from the gorgeous piece of diamond jewelry that drives the story’s plot. The expensive nature of the necklace is not the only way in which wealth is central to this story. The main character of â€Å"The Necklace† is obsessed with wealth. She wants nothing else than to escape from her shabby middle-class life with a shabby middle-class husband and live the glamorous life for which she was born. She’s so jealous of her one wealthy friend it hurts. When Mathilde’s given the chance to get decked out in diamonds and go to a ritzy party to mingle with all the beautiful people, it seems like her dreams have finally become a reality. Then she loses the borrowed diamond necklace, gets cast into poverty, and learns what it means to truly live without money. The Necklace Theme of Women and Femininity Mathilde Loisel, the main character of â€Å"The Necklace,† is a 19th century French version of a desperate housewife. Because she’s a woman in a man’s world, she has almost no control over her life. She finds herself married to a husband she doesn’t care for, and cooped up in a house she despises. What she wants more than anything else is to be desirable to other men. And what’s particularly irritating is that she has all the â€Å"womanly virtues† she needs in order to be desirable: she’s charming, graceful, beautiful. She’s just doesn’t have the necessary wealth. Does Mathilde Loisel capture the tragic plight of the modern, middle-class woman? Is she a victim of the patriarchal society in which she lives? Or is she just a shallow and materialistic character? Characters * Madame Jeanne Forestier Madame Forestier is a school friend of Mathilde Loisel, and she lends her the necklace that Madame Loisel wears to the ball. Madame Mathilde Loisel It is Madame Loisel’s desire to be part of the upper class which sets the story’s events in motion. * Monsieur Loisel Monsieur Loisel’s complacency and contentment with his social situation contrasts markedly with his wife’s desire to experience life among the social elite. Set tings It is set in 19th century Paris, France The events take place at Rue de Martyrs where the Loisels live The Seine-Mathilde waits for a cab The Palais Royal- Mathilde buys a necklace to replace the lost one The Champ Elysees- The street where Mathilde meets Madame Forestier Plot Conflict It’s a party and I’ll cry if I want to†¦ The action proper begins when M. Loisel (Mathilde’s husband) comes home with the invitation to the fabulous ball and Mathilde reacts by having a fit. Now we have a specific problem: Mathilde’s now has the best opportunity she’s ever had to have a taste of the high life, but she has nothing to wear. That problem sets the rest of the plot in motion. Complication Diamonds are this girl’s best friend Mathilde solves the first problem when her husband gives her money for a dress. But then she runs into a second problem: she’s needs to have some jewels. Luckily, her friend Mme. Forestier is able to provide her with a fabulous diamond necklace. But now Mathilde’s been entrusted with something expensive that belongs to someone else and we have the potential for disaster. It’s true that the complication is often when things â€Å"get worse,† and that doesn’t really happen here (for that, we have to wait for the climax). In fact, after borrowing the necklace, Mathilde has the time of her life. But it’s when she borrows the necklace that the possibility opens up for something really bad to happen†¦and it does. Climax The necklace is missing! Mathilde’s discovery is the most exciting and dramatic moment in the story (until that crazy twist in the last line). It’s also the turning point in the plot. Before, the story was a build-up to Mathilde’s one glorious night with the rich and famous. Now it transitions into a desperate search. We have a feeling things are not going to end well. Suspense Diamonds, when lost, are a girl’s worst nightmare After the loss of the necklace, we’re kept in constant suspense. First, there’s the search for the necklace: will it be found? When it becomes clear it isn’t going to be, the question becomes: what will the Loisels do? Will they find a replacement? And when they do, the question is: how the are they going to pay for it? It turns out paying for it takes quite a toll on them – their lives are ruined for ten years. Denouement A fateful stroll down the Champs Elysees When Mathilde meets Mme. Forestier on the Champs Elysees, it looks like we’re just about to tie up the last loose end in the story. The main action is over – the Loisels have finally finished paying off their debts for the necklace. All that remains is for Mathilde to see whether her friend ever noticed the substitute necklace, and tell her the sad story of the whole affair. But then things don’t quite wrap up the way we expect. Conclusion Come on baby, let’s do the twist†¦ Sometimes critics say that the twist ending is the climax of the story. You could think that the twist is the most exciting moment of the story, and represents a turning point since it reverses everything that came before. But we’re sticking to our guns, and saying that the twist ending isn’t the climax, but the conclusion. A climax is technically the point of the plot that everything builds up to, and that’s not true of the twist. What makes the twist so effective is that by the time it happens the plot has already â€Å"risen and fallen,† and seems to be wrapping up naturally. Then, right in the denouement, everything changes. Unlike your run-of-the-mill conclusion, this conclusion is exciting, and it upsets everything. Analysis â€Å"The Necklace† clearly demonstrates Maupassant’s fixation with facts and observations. Rather than explore Mathilde’s yearning for wealth or unhappiness with her life, Maupaussant simply tells us about her unhappiness and all the things she desires. At the end of the story, he provides no moral commentary or explanation about Mathilde’s reaction to Madame Forestier’s shocking revelation; he simply reports events as they happen. There is no pretense, idealizing, or artifice to Maupaussant’s prose or treatment of his characters. How to cite The Necklace, Essay examples

Odysseus2 Essay Example For Students

Odysseus2 Essay Literature Essay: Telemakhos VoyageIn the epic the Odyssey, Homer explores a variety of different themes that are prevalent in antiquity. Such themes include the treatment of strangers, hospitality, heroism and honor. Homer uses the character Telemakhos, the son of the main character Odysseus, to help convey the themes of the story. From the beginning when Telemakhos goes out to seek for his father and after he helps his father defeat the suitors, we witness the changes in his character, as we see him grow and mature. His character is shown to be an example hospitality, while he proves himself to be hero like his father and claims his family honor. Hospitality is a very important tradition in antiquity. We can see in the Odyssey that Telemakhos displays many examples of hospitality towards strangers. For example Telemakhos greets Athena who appears as a beggar in this manner, Greetings, stranger! Welcome to our feast. There will be time to tell your errand later, (I:151-152) He says warmly to Athena. Telemakhos greets the stranger and cordially invites him to the feast without question. In the Odyssey, Telemakhos is the epitome of hospitality. The reader knows that the stranger that Telemakhos invites is actually Athena in disguise, to assist Telemakhos in his journey. This reinforces the theme of hospitality, because in Greek myth, gods and goddesses often pose as strangers and beggars to test the peoples generosity. Thus people were inclined to treat others with hospitality. Those who treat others with generosity are often rewarded, such as Telemakhos who is awarded with knowledge of his father and assistance from Athena. Likewise those who lack this trait are often punished by the gods. Take for example the suitors, who compared to Telemakhos, are the opposite of everything hospitality stands for. The suitors according to Telemakhos, are intruders. He describes the suitors in his speech, My house and my good estates are being ruined. / Each day my mothers bu llying suitors come/ to slaughter flocks of mine and my black cattle;/ enemies crowd our home. (IV :336) The suitors are the antithesis of hospitality. They serve as a foil to Telemakhos in that they represent everything that is against Telemakhos. The contrast between Telemakhos and the suitors highlights their different characteristics, showing that Telemakhos is a wonderful generous host while the suitors are ravaging intruders. The suitors, despite rules of hospitality, invite themselves to the homes of others and feast on their hosts expense. They are not only rude; but they invite themselves to the home of Penelope and insult Odysseus in his own home. Telemakhos shows further acts of hospitality when Odysseus poses as a beggar in rags and approaches Telemakhos. Telemakhos welcomes the beggar into his home and treats him like his own father. Telemakhos is the paragon of hospitality in the Odyssey. Hospitality is not taken lightly during Odysseys time. Their views differ vastly from ours. All wanderers and beggars come from Zeus. What we can give is slight but well-meant all we dare, said Eumaios. The Odyssey emphasizes the importance of hospitality to the point where it is almost a religion. It is decreed by Zeus that people must treat these wanderers and beggars with generosity. Besides the theme of hospitality, both Odysseys and Telemakhos are in search to prove their heroic mettle. There are many similarities between Odysseus and his son Telemakhos. Throughout the story, Odysseus goes through a struggle to reach his final destination, which is Ithaca. One of the themes of the Odysseys is about the heros struggle to discover himself. Odysseus ultimate destination is of course Ithaka his own country, where his wife, family and homeland are awaiting him. Telemakhos on the other hand also has similar goals like his fathers. His goal is to defeat Penelopes suitors, and help his father in his goal to return to Ithaca. One suitor comments on Telemakhos, Well now, who knows? Telemakhos might be lost at sea, just like Odysseus/ knocking around in a ship, far from his friends. (II: 345) This quote illustrates the significance of Telemakhos journey. Telemakhos is also figuratively lost in a sea like his father. He is alone in his journey in that he is surrounded with obstacles in Ithaka as Odysseus is surrounded with his obstacles on his journey home. Their journeys are quite the same despite the physical differences in their obstacles. Telemakhoss journey parallels Odysseus journey. Both characters are on a journey to discover their heroism. Their goals are almost impossible. It is apparent that the odds are against them. Telemakhos for example is up against more than a dozen of suitors while Odysseus is up against the gods. Although both their journeys are difficult, the Goddess Athena guides both characters in their journey. Odysseus and Telemakhoss goals converge as Odysseus returns to Ithaca as they plan to defeat the suitors. Preserving the honor is also a major theme in the epic Odysseus. Your father? Well, I must say I marvel at the sight of you: your manner of speech couldnt be more like his one would say No; no boy could speak so well. (III:129) said Nestor. When Telemakhos visits Nestor and Menelaos, they praise him for his well mann ers and his eloquence, much like his father. He represents his fathers honor and reputation. Furthermore Menelaos praises Telemakhos, My lad, what you have said is only sensible, and you did well to speak. Yes that was worthy a wise man and an older man than you are: you speak for all the world like Nestors son. (IV:214) Telemakhos is constantly praised for his hospitality. Likewise Nestor and Menelaos treat Telemakhos in the same manner. From Telemakhos treatment toward others, we can see the growth in his character. His character evolves as he discovers more about himself. He is often referred to as Clear-headed Telemakhos and speaks thoughtfully. Telemakhos begins the story as a nave boy who does not know his way around, but he matures into a man who understands the world and who is up to par with his father. The epic the Odyssey is about a whimsical journey to the unknown. Odysseus encounters exotic lands on his journey home while his son Telemakhos travels different journey to discover his honor and heritage. Throughout the story the themes are revealed through the characters, mainly Telemakhos. The story teaches us the importance of hospitality and that people should treat strangers with the utmost generosity. The Odyssey is a wisdom book in that it teaches us about hospitality, heroism and honor. It depicts Telemakhos as the ideal man that everyone should emulate. Aside from the lessons we learn from the Odyssey, we learn about the culture and traditions of the past by speculating on the Odyssey. Bibliography: